ABBREVIATIONS-5

S.NO.	roots & prefix	Meanings	Examples	Meaning of Example
1.	a-	Absence of	Apnea Amenorrhea	Absence of respiration Absence of menstruation
2.	an-	Lack of	Anuria,	Urine output <100 ml per day
3.	-aemia	Related to the blood	Hypoxemia Uraemia	Lack of oxygen in the blood Presence of nitrogenous substances in the blood > normal amount
4.	angio	Related to blood	Angiography	Visualization of blood vessels
5.	anti	Against	Antihypertensive	The drugs used to reduce BP
6.	brady	Slow	Bradypnoea	Slow respiration rate(<10 per minute)
7.	broncho-	Bronchus	Bronchodilator	The drugs which are used to dilate bronchi
8.	card-	Heart (cardiac)	Cardiomegaly	Enlargement of heart
9.	chole	Bile	Cholecystitis Cholelithiasis	Inflammation of gall bladder Formation of stones in gall bladder
10.	cyto-	Cell	Cytotoxic	Toxic of cells
11.	derm-	Skin	Dermatitis	Inflammation of dermis
12.	dys-	Difficult	Dyspnea Dysphagia	Difficulty in breathing Difficulty in swallowing
13	-eam	Swelling	Lymphedema	Swelling of lymph nodes
14.	endo-	Inner	Endocardium Endocartrium	Inner most layer of heart Inner most layer of uterus
15.	erythro-	Red	Erythrocyte	Red blood cells
16.	eu-	Normal	Eutocia	Normal labour
17.	extra-	Outside	Extra pulmonary	Outside the lungs
18.	gast-	Stomach	Gastrectomy	Removal of stomach
19.	mono	Single	Monozygotic	Single zygote
20.	globin	Protein	Hemoglobin	Substance found in blood and contains iron and protein
21.	haem	Blood	Hemorrhage	Bleeding
22.	hydro	Water	Dehydration	Decrease in body water volume
23.	hyper	Excessive	Hypertension	Increase in BP
24.	hypo	Low	Hypotension	Low BP
25.	intra	Inside	Intra-abdominal	Inside the abdominal cavity
26.	ism	Condition or state	Hypothyroidism	A condition in which there is decreased secretion of thyroid gland
27.	-itis	Inflammation	nephritis	Inflammation of nephrons
28.	lact	Milk	Lactation	Secretion of milk
29.	leuco	White	Leucocytes	WBSc
30.	lysis	Break down	Hemolysis	Break down of RBSc
31.	mega	Large	Megacolon	Enlargement of colon
32.	micro	Small	Microcyte	Small cells
33.	myo	Muscle	Myocardium	Middle layer of heart
34.	neo	New	Neonate	New born
35.	nephro	Related to kidney	Nephropathy	Disease related to kidney
36.	neuro	Related to nerve	Neuropathy	Disease related to neurons
37.	oma	Tumor	Sarcoma	Tumor of connective tissue
38.	ophth	Eye	Xerophthalmia	Dryness of the eyes
39.	olig	Deficiency	Oliguria	Urine output between 100-400 ml per day
40.	osteo	Bone	Osteoclast	Bone destroying cells
41.	path	Disease	Cardiomyopathy	Disease of heart muscle
42.	phago	Swallow	Phagocytes	WBSc that swallows foreign bodies
43.	pneumo	Lung	Pneumothorax	Abnormally accumulation of air in the plural cavity
44.	poly	Many	Polyphagia	Excessive hunger
45.	rrhagia	Excessive flow	Menorrhagia	Excessive menstruation
46.	rrhoea	Excessive discharge	Diarrhea	Excessive passing of liquid stool
47.	sub	Under	Sub dermis	Under the dermis
48.	tachy	Excessive	Tachycardia	Increase pulse rate
49.	thrombo	Clot	Thrombocyte	Platelets
50.	trans	Across	Trans placental	Across the placenta
51.	vaso	Blodd vessel	Vasoconstrictor	The drugs which constricts the blood vessels
52.	pseudo	False	Pseudo dementia	False dementia
53.	pyo	Pus	Pyurea	Presence of pus in urine
54.	atresia	Abnormal closure	Esophageal atresia	Abnormally closure of esophagus
55.	penia	Lack of	Erythrocytopenia	Lack of RBSc
56.	tripsy	Crushing	Lithotripsy	Crushing of renal stones
57.	algia	Pain	Arthralgia	Pain in joints
58.	retro	Backward	Retroversion	Backward position of any organ
59.	ectasis	Dilation	Bronchiectasis	Dilation of bronchioles
60.	mammo	Breast	Mammography	Radiographic study of breast